The wars continued from colonial America to the Vanddi massacre and the conquest of the whole strip of the book in 1890. The end result of the battles was the conquest of the Indians and assimilation into society or their exile to the reserves. According to the US Census Bureau's 1894 census, more than 40 battles between 1775 and 1890 killed some 45,000 Indians and about 19,000 settlers. The estimate includes women and children who were often killed despite their lack of direct involvement in combat. As noted, the estimate refers only to casualties from 1775 and does not include fatalities prior to the declaration of independence of the United States.